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In 2023, the observatory discovered six ultra-compact “red dots” whose mass, according to initial estimates, is comparable to the Milky Way. Such a number of stars in such a short time contradicts the standard cosmological model ΛCDM, where the growth of galaxies should be slower.
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Astronomers debate whether these are calibration errors or a signal that dark matter and energy behave differently than previously thought. In the coming years, JWST will conduct deep spectral analysis, and the ground-based Extremely Large Telescope and Thirty Meter Telescope will confirm or deny the “alarm,” which could reshape our understanding of the evolution of the Universe.
